With global warming offered fight with diamond dust


Climate scientists from Harvard University have found a new way to deal with global warming. They offer spraying in the sky diamond nano-sized particles. This, in their opinion, is much safer sulphate mixture with water - a method that actively discussed recently. And the cost, "Diamond" method of just five dollars to each inhabitant of the Earth.

As the portal Nature, to combat global warming is now widely discussed new ways of geo-engineering - for example, spraying a mixture of sulfates in the sky with water, so that she reflected and scatter sunlight. However, according to scientists from Harvard, they have found a safer method of man-made climate cooling, rather than spraying sulphate aerosols. This dust particles of diamond or nanoscale alumina.

After contact with sulfates into the atmosphere, it forms sulfuric acid, which damages the ozone layer. Furthermore, sulfates absorb light at certain frequencies because of which the lower part of the stratosphere is heated - is, in turn, in an unpredictable way affect the climate. Finally, sulfates, scatter light: it will accelerate the growth of plants, but will reduce the efficiency of the solar cells. Alumina and diamonds will not lead to such problems, but the diamond dust, according to scientists, to be 50% more efficient than alumina. However, this method is rather expensive, despite the fact that the diamond powder is much cheaper solid diamonds (about $ 100 per kilogram). According to specialists, we need to spray every year hundreds of thousands of tonnes of diamond dust that will cost several billion dollars.

"With all the expensive diamonds this method of control solar radiation is not unrealistic," - says climatologist Debra Vayzenshtayn. Climate scientists are confident that 2065 spray 450 thousand. Tonnes will cost each of the ten billion people on Earth just five dollars.

Science "climate engineering" (or "geo-engineering") studies the development and implementation of technology-conscious and a reasonable influence on the Earth's climate on a global scale. Algorithms and technology that uses geo-engineering scientists conventionally divided into two main groups. In the first group are methods for reducing the CO2 content in the atmosphere. For example, climatologists offer to dissolve in the waters of the seas and oceans of iron sulfates governing the share of CO2 in the atmosphere through photosynthesis. Or use a kind of "vacuum cleaner" that can filter out the carbon monoxide from the air.

In the second group of geoengineering techniques are ways to control and regulate the Earth's sun exposure. Along with the installation space of huge parabolic mirrors here are methods to improve the reflectivity of the Earth's surface and the clouds or the atmosphere in general. One option may be an aerosol comprising sulfur particles. Sprayed into the atmosphere, it creates a kind of protective dome portion reflecting sunlight back into space.

Scientists laugh online brief retelling of his theses

Social network Reddit offered scientists to describe the essence of their theses understandable language. Light of science gladly shared their "discoveries." Some of them claim to be the Ig Nobel prize, and there are just these "pearls" of thought.

"Mushrooms, mushrooms everywhere! Especially in plants, where they do strange things. Do we understand what's going on? Nah. "

"Microwaves are really good to something warm up."

"Music expresses emotion or causes them? Read the following 200 pages, so as not to know the answer. "

"The sand can be washed off, so do not make it all sorts of important things."

"This protein can cause an asthma attack. Hmm, well, or not. "

"Adults learn best when they are happy."

"God knows why people have autism."

"Aluminium can be used to create a very steep microstructures. However, the microstructure cool enough, that we have allocated money for the completion of studies. "

"We need to make new magnets magnets old, because we end magnets."

"If you put a certain type of plastic in the water, it swells. If you put it under the skin, it absorbs fluid and tissue swell. That, ladies - new skin! "

"If you break the rat spine, it usually dies."

"The refrigerated laboratory mice twice accelerates metabolism. This is very bad for the research, which uses a mouse. "

"Museums properly digitize their collections. Can we fix it with the help of computers? It seems so. "

"The water will freeze if you hit it well."

"You can make antimatter move in an unknown direction, if it is bad set up the equipment."

"Even when times are really bad, most people want to live."

"You'll never guess why the English-speaking translators so cool screwed up with this piece of German author!"

"Gamma rays can not turn you into the Hulk. But E. coli E. coli - can be. "

"Brain cells communicate with each other. And sometimes - with ourselves. "

"If the brain is connected to the battery monkey, the monkey will notice it."

"Smart people make bad project teams. Use a combination of smart people and ordinary people to achieve better results. "

"To check whether you have the whole rail or tube, not necessarily to touch them."

"Sometimes the planet Uranus looks boring, but sometimes, in fact, it is interesting. Perhaps she has some crazy season. "

10 incredible things that can be done with sound

Sound waves can do incredible things with the practical application of science, art and medicine. In this collection you will find a list of ten such things.

1. Destroy the sound

The company "Orfild Labs" in Minneapolis built the quietest room in the world, it is used to test low noise (hum light bulbs, for example). The walls are completely sound-proof, but the sound level is 9 dB - it is so quiet that you can hear the sounds of their own work of internal organs. This sensory deprivation exacerbates all the senses, causing strange sensations in the body and brain. After spending a long time in this room, you run the risk of schizophrenia or acquire such strange powers, like the ability to feel the color to taste. A man can stand it no more than 45 minutes, then begin hallucinating.

2. To hide the sound of
Have you noticed that when walking through the woods at different times, such as day and night, you hear the sound a little different? If a day like all the noise merge, in the middle of the night every rustle sounded like a shot.
This phenomenon occurs when sound waves change their direction (refracted) due to temperature fluctuations during the diurnal cycle. During the day they go up, where the air temperature is lower and mainly distributed over your head, creating a zone of "acoustic shadow".
The effect is widely used by sailors in the ocean: to escape from the sound vibrations they are hiding in the area of ​​acoustic shadow from enemy sonar.

3. Arm sound
Users are able to turn almost everything into a weapon, even a sound. «The Long Range Acoustic Device» - a device that is used for these purposes. It looks like a darkened floodlight that shoots "beam" the sound volume of about 150 decibels at a distance of tens of meters. Sonic weapons can be used to suppress riots and unrest: the device can cause severe pain and damage health. Sound guns already used in European courts to deter Somali pirates.

4. Sound as Art
Sound waves can be made visible, it is called "Cymatics". For example, if you saw the impact of sound on the tank with sand, sand and stir to create a variety of shapes.
The first who discovered this, Galileo began in 1632, the year. He noticed that if you hold on a plate with fine particles of material cutter, they take the form of parallel lines of grinding.

5. Sound killer
Theoretically, a person can kill the sound pressure, but it looks like it is not, as you imagine. What usually follows a strong explosion overpressure is called - is a huge increase in atmospheric pressure. Some explosions can cause extremely loud noise, which, however, can not be heard, because the eardrums burst at around 160 decibels. But 200 decibels is enough to break the lungs and cause internal damage.
During World War I caused the death of so many questions: because of the lack of the human body visible damage, no one could understand, from which he died. So when you see the scene in the film how the hero, cast off the explosion, easily rises and goes about his business - this is nonsense. In real life, he would have been dead and deaf.

6. Sound helps fight crime
Businessmen and representatives of authorities in some cities in the United States decided to include classical music in the subway in areas with high crime rates. It turns out that the classics can disperse the aggressive teenagers and hooligans from public places - it seems it sounds unpleasant, causing discomfort and forced to leave in search of quiet.
For example, in London in 2003, the year and a half years in the underground included classical music. During this time, vandalism and robberies have decreased by a third.

7. Turn the sound laser
The laser produces a very narrow beam of light capable of moving even in a vacuum as opposed to sound waves requiring mediation environment. The Japanese in 2010 was created audio device capable of emitting a beam of sound - phaser. Its frequency was 170 KHz, and is eight times greater than the human perception threshold. The phaser is used for medical purposes.

8. Sound treats
Device «HIFU Transducer» focuses acoustic energy and emits a tremendous amount of heat, this phenomenon can be compared with a magnifying glass, transmissive sunlight. Professor of surgery at the University of Washington, said: "With this device, you can do all the same thing as using ultrasound." For example, the device is able to "seal" pork punctured lung in two minutes. This is a huge step in the non-invasive surgery.

9. Return to the sound past
One of the most interesting areas of science is arheoakustika - the use of sound in archeology. For example, each room of your house has its own sound, depending on the availability of accessories, furniture and other items. Scientists from the University of Salfold UK decided to learn how to sound Stonehenge. Writing the reflected sound waves from Stonehenge, and then built a computer model, the researchers found that the megaliths create a reflective space, similar to the lecture hall.

10. Sound like a compass
It is known that bats and birds orient themselves in space by means of sound waves, but until recently, scientists could not figure out exactly how the birds are at a great distance the way home. In 1997, geophysicist Jonathan Hastram found that about 60 thousand pigeons are lost during the migration to England from France - the way they crossed the bass sound from the aircraft. Inaudible to the human ear, it greatly disrupted the internal compass of birds. Hagstrom saw that the birds create a unique "sound cards" for navigation, but the objects erected by man, or change their landscape can greatly confuse birds.

Scientists: Spouses gain or lose weight in sync


Scientists from the private research at Johns Hopkins University after a series of observations and tests concluded that couples simultaneously gaining weight. Obesity is one of the partners in the doubles the risk of this phenomenon and the second half.
Experts from Baltimore for four years have seen nearly 4,000 couples, some of which already were overweight. Research has shown that one of the spouses is to acquire additional pounds as the second began to emerge as the extra weight, which often leads to total adiposity. A similar trend in 78% of cases the properties of men and as many as 89% of the wives. At the same time there were some couples who showed the opposite result. One of the partners decides to choose a healthy lifestyle and get rid of excess weight and eventually brought into shape as a result of such changes, and they touched the other half.
The fact that marriage is bad for the figure has long spoken in jest, but it turned out that the truth in this. Scientists believe that between the pairs there is a huge connection. They study each other, have a common diet, which often contain harmful products and adopt habits that eventually become public. But, despite this, the marriage may conversely cause the transition to a healthy lifestyle. After all, if one partner decides to get in shape, and the second most likely to be carried away by a healthy lifestyle.

5 reasons why it is difficult to fall asleep

Violation of sleep is one of the most common diseases of modern man. So common that disease in general, not considered so - small problem. Meanwhile, this "little problem" prevents so many people live a full life, and can eventually lead to various serious violations of physical and mental health.

If you can not sleep half the night, turning from side to side, and in the morning painfully trying to tear your head off the pillow, then this article is for you. Do not hurry to run to the pharmacy for sleeping pills, probably much easier. So, here are five common reasons why your sleep may be disturbed. Their elimination requires the help of a doctor, and the result can exceed expectations.

1. Too late dinner
Heavy meal just before going to sleep, even with the use of alcohol, certainly in time to prevent sleep. Beware of too large portions, fried, greasy and too sharp. Try not to have dinner later than three hours before bedtime.

2. Too much light or flickering lights
Even a small amount of light snizhet levels of melatonin - the hormone responsible for sleep. Increased levels of cortisol - a stress hormone. As a result, normal sleep naruschaetsya. Too bright LEDs digital alarm clock, flickering LEDs household appliances, blinking ads, and other outside sources of light can permanently deprived of sleep. Take care of the black-out curtains, and all equipment is better to remove away from the bed.

3 TV or computer before going to bed
Many of us like to watch your favorite programs or movies, read e-mail or surf the net right in bed before going to sleep. All of these actions cause excessive levels of stimulating hormones norepinephrine and dopamine, which is not contributes to the rapid fall asleep. Instead, get better than something that requires calm and concentration of attention, such as reading a book, journaling or meditation.

4. The bedroom is too hot
If you are too hot, it does not occur naturally reduce body temperature, which is usually seen in a dream. This leads to disruption of the temperature balance in the body, which in turn can cause chronic insomnia. Sleep under heavy and too warm blankets also leads to a similar result. It is best to sleep naked or wearing loose clothing light at a temperature not exceeding 21 degrees.

5. Too late or too early
You've heard about biorhythms and internal biological clock. In some periods of the day, we feel a surge of energy, and in some - are willing to sleep on the go without sleeping pills. It is important to go to bed at the most appropriate time, otherwise you will be provided a few hours of restless sleep. Try to go to bed at the same time, programming the body to sleep using habits.

As you can see, very often the causes of poor sleep lie in our bad habits and improper organization of the day. Fix it in forces any person without medicines and doctors. Good night!

Scientists  found when and how our planet could perish

American scientists from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics announced the next version of the death of the Earth and set new deadlines. Maybe this is true, but the researchers found clear evidence that the Earth will suffer after the Sun will develop nuclear energy, swelling to a red giant and then a white dwarf stage it will turn our planet into dust.

It will happen, though not so quickly, after several billion years, and at a time when the Sun enters the red giant phase, due to the extreme heat, all life will disappear. So experience is not particularly necessary, we still have ahead of more than one billion years! But scientists have come to this conclusion, intrigued by a white dwarf in the constellation Virgo, which is the code name of WD 1145 + 017. American scientists have found that close to the dead star seen strange solids. As explained by scientists as the planet begins to produce its own nuclear energy, it swells and increases up to a red giant, then, consequently, it shrinks and becomes the size of a white dwarf. It was then, astrophysics and realized that next to the WD 1145 + 017 rotating part of the lost planet. When the star reached the red giant phase, it has changed the orbits of the planets surrounding it. Some were lost and flew away into the universe, and others were approaching the star. On the stage there was an explosion of a white dwarf, and the remains of the world were resolved home star. That's the same as scientists assume, will happen to the Earth.

There is a basic question: when the sun develop into nuclear energy? Scientists believe relatively soon. The sun becomes a red giant in about a billion years 5-7, and then to the white dwarf stage, split the earth in just a billion years.

Opening of the first planet orbiting a white dwarf

Scientists always believed that around some white dwarfs still rotating planet, despite the powerful upheavals preceding the emergence of this type of stars. However, it was not possible to prove the existence of such planets in practice ... at least until recently. Thanks to Kepler space observatory, astronomers have discovered a planet orbiting WD 1145 + 017, located 570 light-years away from us the white dwarf.

However, we can not say that this planet is in good shape. Unusual light dying star indicates that the planet is gradually degraded due to the gravity exerted pressure on her, leaving a huge dust cloud. Researchers believe that the planet got its fatal orbit after a dramatic change in weight caused by the collision of planets.

In the future, we certainly will see such discoveries as weaker light white dwarf does not prevent scientists observed moving around the planet. In addition, there is a chance (albeit small) that the collision could push some of the planets in the habitable zone. In this case, scientists will be able to become familiar with the worlds that can support life. In any case, now it is obvious that planetary systems do not disappear just because their stars are coming to the end of his career.

Russian peacekeepers have received the first set of "future soldier"

Russian peacekeepers have received more than one thousand. Sets of equipment "Warrior", reported the Central Military District.

"The CVO peacekeeping brigade stationed in the Samara region, in the framework of the state defense order came the latest combat equipment" Warrior ", the so-called set of" future soldier "- told Tass in the county.

The composition of equipment includes more than 40 items, including composite bulletproof vest, targeting and means of communication, navigation equipment based on GLONASS, as well as knee pads, elbow pads, goggles, multifunction knives and other tools. In total, the first batch of peacekeepers have received more than one thousand. Four sets of modifications - for commanders, gunners, snipers and gunners.

Russia's first peacekeeping brigade was formed in the Samara region in 2005. It is designed to solve the challenges of peacekeeping in the CIS space, but you can act on a UN mandate outside the Commonwealth. Its soldiers to perform tasks in Transnistria, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, as well as participated in international exercises "Peace Mission", "Indestructible Brotherhood" and others.

To create a material that allows light to move with infinite velocity

Researchers from Harvard University announced the creation of a method for controlling light on the nanoscale, which may lead to the creation of photonic telecommunications (rather than modern electronic). As reported, the research team developed a metamaterial of the silicon pillars, enclosed in a polymer and wrapped in a gold foil, which reduces the refractive index of zero. Speaking Russian, it means that the light wave can pass the material at a rate that tends to infinity, without violating the known laws of physics.

How can this be? Light passing through the metamaterial, it is moving at a speed of 299,792,458 meters per second, being the fastest thing in the universe. Nevertheless, the speed of light can also be measured its wave velocity - the speed with which a light wave peaks move. The speed of light wave shows how it is stretched (or compressed), the motion of light through the material. For example, if you miss a ray of light through the water, a bit of light wave "shrinks" because of the fact that the fluid density greater than the density of Earth's atmosphere. Conversely, if you shine a flashlight at the bottom of the pool, its wavelength is stretched as soon as the light reaches the surface. In the above case, the refractive index is 1.3.

Now that we have a material with a refractive index of zero, begin to happen strange things. When light passes through a material, its wave is infinitely stretched, creating a straight line, where the oscillations occur during periods of time, not space. This "straightening" of the wave of light makes it easy to control the light without loss of energy. The industrial potential of the discovery - from telecommunications to quantum computers - virtually endless.

"In quantum optics, we can make the quantum emitters to produce photons that are always in one phase, - says Philip Munoz, one of the study's authors. - The use of our material will also help control the confusion between quantum particles as the light waves will be distributed as efficiently as possible. "

Nevertheless, it is not known when this revolutionary technology will leave the walls of the laboratory and begin to be used in practice.

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Scientists have identified the most effective exercises for the eyes when working with computer

Researchers remind: eyes get tired quickly when you work at the computer. There are many "gymnastic complexes" for the eyes to help relax and relieve stress. Scientists from the University of Texas say they have identified the most effective way to relax.

The method is quite simple. It is only necessary every 20-25 minutes to tear his eyes away from the monitor - to looking at the distance of 5-6 meters, slowly blink 20 times. "The watch strategy" tentatively called "20-20-20" (that is, three approaches per hour) has been proposed as an answer to the question of the syndrome of computer eye fatigue, which had become something of an epidemic, because a lot of people spend the computers of 8 hours per day, sometimes more.
Among the most common problems - dry and tired eyes, headaches, neck pain and joint pain, and in fact all of this - the computer fatigue syndrome and its symptoms. Scientists remind: if you spend at the computer more than three hours a day, do not ignore the gym and in general - do not forget to regularly visit an ophthalmologist.

Adolf Hitler's mistress

Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Austria, in the mountain village of Braunau on the Inn. Hitler's father was a shoemaker, and then rose to the rank low on the customs department. Mother - Clara Pёltsl, he came from a peasant family.

A few words about the appearance of Adolf Hitler. After the fascist coup in 1923, to testify in court, Professor Max von Gruber, the largest specialist in eugenics in Germany, giving Hitler this description: "The face and the head of the lowest type, half-breed, low sloping forehead, ugly nose, small eyes, expression is not entirely self-preserving human, but rather pointless excited. "

Women in the life of Hitler was not much. He somehow prefer to admire the pornographic postcards, which began to gather in early youth, and by the end of his life he was regarded as the owner of one of the most formidable in the world of pornography collections.

The first known mistress of the Fuhrer was his niece, twenty Adzhela Rubal. In September 1929 the girl came to Munich with his mother, served as a housekeeper in the home of Hitler. Forty years of "Uncle Adolf" hastened to appoint himself its guardian and protector, settled her in the next room to his bedroom and put jealously guard the door, turning Adzhelu concluded. The girl could not leave the house and someone to chat. In retaliation for this Adzhela began to instruct her lover horns. She seduced Hitler's chauffeur Emil Maurice, and then slept in a row with all the guards.

And yet, for some reason Adzhele ("Geli", as he called it the Führer) Rubal has been put security and why Hitler strictly followed so that it is as little as possible even met with the relatives? The maids responsible for cleaning the bedroom, whispering to each other that the sexual behavior of couples in the night was "very strange and even unbelievable."

Geli herself sobbing relatives admitted: "My uncle was a monster. You would not believe me if I tell you that it makes me do!"

It ended all this the fact that Adzhela Rubal, unable to withstand the monstrous love of his uncle - shot. From personal "Walter" Hitler. They say that the Fuhrer was inconsolable for a long time and even tried to commit suicide. Behind him a long time seen psychiatrists.

In the mid-30s, Hitler met with Renata ("René") Mueller, a German film star two decades. Fuhrer immediately takes her under his wing. Blue-eyed brunette simply can not refuse ruler of Germany. But meeting them do not last long.

Renate Müller, after a meeting with Hitler, thrown from the window of his Berlin apartment.

In 1939 in Munich, shot in the temple, tries to commit suicide following the Fuhrer's mistress - an Englishwoman Unity Mitford. With a bullet stuck in her head, she had lived, bedridden and almost never regained consciousness, another 9 years.

Suzy Liptauer was detected in the loop the next morning after a single night's meeting with Hitler.

The young flame-haired beauty Mabel Messerhorn ("Scarlet Vossperhen" as a pompous styled her Hitler) "dancing in the night by torchlight before the Führer in his home theater, without a single thread on itself. It is perfectly composed. She perfectly round large buttocks, etc. .d. " It was soon found in the forest, killed with a hunting rifle. Before his death, brutally raped.

"You would not believe me if I tell you that it makes me do!" - I said before her suicide Adzhela Rubal. What is so impotent Hitler could scare Adzhelu, which, as we know, was not so inexperienced in matters of sex, if you managed to seduce all his guards? And the fact that the Fuhrer was impotent, known in Germany during his lifetime almost every student. Jokers, showing Hitler's favorite position, which he so often took on a variety of rallies and parades, when kept his hands folded in front of him their lower abdomen - said that the Fuhrer "hides the last unemployed member of the Third Reich."

"On his perversion I guess only a few, - analysts write about the intimate life of Hitler. - This is an extreme form of masochism, where the person receives sexual satisfaction because a woman urinates on him or defecate."

Proof of this are the words of the woman, and with which Adolf Hitler was the longest and most intimate relationship - Eva Braun: "I need him only for a specific purpose ... it's just idiocy!" It is unlikely that a normal woman so to speak about normal sex.

Eva was younger than 23 years of Hitler and became his mistress in 1923. As historians write: "The lack of intelligence compensated at this Bavarian beauty slender, athletic body, which had only one handicap: her vagina was too small. Eva suffered a painful operation, and then underwent a course of long-term post-operative treatment. My gynecologist Eve quickly died in a car accident, almost immediately after he announced the full recovery of the patient.

Otto Skorzeny, head of the Nazi commando, indicates that Eva told him the following: "He even their shoes often shoots, and sometimes we do not get to bed. He stretched on the floor. On the floor, it looks very erotic."

Incidentally, in the words of Hitler was a great admirer of "the sacred bonds of marriage" and "present a strong German family." In fact it was the opposite. This is how he justified his celibacy to close members of the party: "I do not think that such a man as I ever get married. He invented his ideal, in which the figure of a woman combined with hair the other, the mind of the third and the eyes of the fourth, and every time checks new acquaintance with him. And it turns out that the ideal does not exist. It is necessary to rejoice, if a girl in one thing fascinating. There is nothing more beautiful than to educate young creature: a girl of 18, 20 years malleable as wax. A man should be able to impose on any girl imprint of his personality. Only this woman wants. "

He loved to indulge in public lyrically sentimental memories of his encounters with women, "Oh, what are the beauties! Once we were sitting in the cellar at the town hall in Bremen. Then came the woman: indeed it was possible to believe that to us from Olympus down goddess. Just dazzling beauty! Everyone who was in the cellar, threw knives and forks. And the eyes staring at the woman.

And later in Braunschweig! As I later reproached himself! How could I then reproached myself! And all my people, too: blonde girl ran up to the car and presented me with a bouquet. All imprinted in the memory of this event, but no one even thought it's not to ask the girl address so I could send her a thank-you letter.

Blonde, tall and charming! But as always a crowd around. Yes, hurry, until now I regret it. "And so on and so forth.

But back to Eve. Hitler often asked her to the room she was completely naked all the time. He preferred to undress himself Eve, taking off her clothing items with trembling fingers that it scared annoyed.

When they rested together somewhere in nature, he always insisted that Eva sunbathe and swim nude. Hitler at this time photographed it, and then the images ready to replenish its volume collection of pornographic photographs and postcards. He liked to shoot close-up of her buttocks, stating that it is a somewhat strange camera angle does not allow anyone to find Eve, if the photos "fall into the wrong hands."

By the way, about the great love of Hitler to the buttocks. And not only to female.

June 30, 1934, Hitler headed the detachment of heavily armed men burst during the night at the villa of his sidekick, Ernst Rohm. After smashing all the protection, people break into the Fuhrer's bedroom Rohm and Hitler's own hand pulls out of bed the owner of the villa, sleeping in the arms of his chauffeur. The next day, Hitler ordered to shoot Rem (which, among other things, helped him come to power) without trial. The order was immediately, of course, is made. And the people of the Führer announced that it has delivered to Germany by a gang of dirty perverts, homosexuals.

However, up to this point Hitler repeatedly called stormtroopers Rema "the elite of the National Socialist Party," and Ernest of "my dear friend". But worth it "dear friend" to change your partner with some driver, and mean-spirited "apostate" arranged a bloodbath by the romantic name "night of the long knives." Such are the passions of love, pederasty.

But in addition to Ernst Rohm Adolf Hitler had other hobbies. Initially, both the Secretary and orderly Hitler was Mauritius. He served his master, when he was imprisoned in Landsberg on Lech, and wrote in the main work of his life "Mein Kampf." Then Mauritius replaces yearned for a friend in the fortress - Rudolf Hess. Hess voluntarily (!) Returned to Germany (after the coup, he fled to Austria) and also voluntarily went to prison, there to appease Hitler. In gratitude for this dedication has made Hitler deputy Hess in his line of the Nazi Party. Thus, Rudolf Hess became the second person "of the Third Reich."

Hess as his disciple and admirer, has entered into an intimate circle of Hitler's minions - Haushofer. This German geopolitics, occultist, a member of various secret societies and, above all, a lover of the Duke of Hamilton, had a huge influence on Hitler.

All significant provisions of "Mein Kampf" was inspired by conversations with Hitler Haushofer. Hitler called him his teacher.

And finally a few more strokes to the portrait of the Fuehrer. Here's how it describes the psychoanalyst Dr. Walter Langer, who during World War II, President Roosevelt received from a secret mission: to interrogate all the people who knew Hitler personally, and to make it a psychological portrait. "He was a little below average height. Wide hips and relatively narrow shoulders. Liquid muscles. The legs are short, thin, scrawny. Big body and sunken chest. His mouth is full of brown rotten teeth. Gait effeminate: flirty little steps. Parts of the nervous twitching of the right shoulder and left feet. tic persons: twitching the corners of the lips. "

Sexual Life of Adolf Hitler cost the lives of all of his mistresses. The political life of the Fuehrer has cost humanity 50 million lives.

9 houseplants that are perfectly clean air (Re.)

Dirty air indoors - one of the causes of disease in humans. Our brick and concrete homes are constantly emit toxic chemicals - formaldehyde, for example. Air also poison the bacteria, molds, dust and carbon dioxide, which is formed near the working plate.

Fortunately, we have plants. They solve some of the problems associated with poor indoor ventilation. In this article we will talk about the best air purifiers that can be grown at home or in the office.

Apple will protect the iPhone from falling retractable bumpers

Apple Inc. has patented technology that protects smartphones from the consequences of the fall. Drawer "bumpers", automatically reacting to the situation, do not allow the iPhone to break the asphalt.

Given the cost of smartphones Apple (Russia's latest iPhone model price exceeds 65 thousand. Rubles) broken in the fall display device, of course, it becomes a real grief for its owner. According to IBTimes, the company heeded the suffering consumers, protecting the patented technology gadgets. The application is already registered United States Patent and Trademark Office (US Patent & Trademark Office) entitled "Active protection for the screen of the electronic device» (Active screen protection for electronic device).

Depending on the design of the smartphone in case it will be hidden shock. They respond to free-fall device, advancing from the case. Fall indicator will gyroscope, accelerometer and camera gadget they served the desired signal.

It is assumed that the protective "bumpers" will be in front of smartphones, protecting primarily screens devices. This kind of "legs", until the force majeure are in special pits. The movement of the shock absorbers will cause a miniature motor. After the fall of shock "hide" back into the smartphone. As the material for the protective elements Apple plans to use elastic or rigid plastics, polymers, metals or composites.

According to experts the publication, despite the use of the latest models of iPhone 6s and 6s Plus heavy-duty glass Corning Gorilla Glass and body of superalyuminiya 7000 (according to Apple, «the most durable alloy that is ever used"), the screen remains the most vulnerable point of the smartphone Apple. But rejoice IPhone owners in anticipation of rapid implementation of the new technology is still too early. According to experts, the corporation records a lot of patents, which are unlikely to ever come true and are likely a marketing ploy.

Reporters remember another device which protects the phone from "injury" in the fall, formerly represented by automaker Honda. This technology has been more than curious than serious: at the time of the "flight" on the sides of your smartphone should have disclosed little airbags, exactly copying the road. The fate of the original device is unknown.








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On the comet Lovejoy found alcohol and sugar

An international team of scientists, astronomers announced that they have discovered a molecule of alcohol and sugar in the comet C / 2014 Q2 / Lovejoy.

These studies of the comet Lovejoy was published in the scientific journal Science Advances. For an object, scientists have observed in the millimeter range using a 30-meter telescope of the Institute of Radio Astronomy, located in the Spanish Sierra Nevada. According to astronomers, all they were able to identify a part of the comet 21 of complex organic molecules. Besides water, simple hydrocarbons, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen compounds among scientists discovered molecular ethyl alcohol (ethanol, C2H5OH) and glycolaldehyde (CH2OHCHO), which is a simple monosaccharide. "The concentration of ethanol is 5 and glycolaldehyde and 0.8% with respect to methanol, these values ​​are higher than the values ​​for conventional solar proto-type" - noted astronomers.

Observations of the comet Lovejoy astronomers led last winter, when the object is at a distance of 90 million km from the Earth and the perihelion passage. In January, it approached the sun, showing a tail of gas and dust. C / 2014 Q2 - one of the comets discovered by Australian astronomer Terry Lovejoy. It was discovered in the summer of 2014 at apparent magnitude 15m in the southern constellation Puppis.

According to astronomers, before entering the planetary region C / 2014 Q2 had an orbital period of approximately 13.5 thousand. Years. After the comet leaves the planetary region, the orbital period of change and will be about 9 thousand. Years. In February, the comet was no longer visible from the Earth, the next time it will be visible only after eight thousand years.

According to Tass, organic matter previously has repeatedly managed to find on other comets. In 2014, with the probe "Rosetta" and the descent module "Phil" NASA experts found on comet 67P / Churyumov - Gerasimenko, 16 molecules of organic compounds. Four of them - methyl isocyanate, acetone, propanal and acetamide - until on comets are not met. "The chemical composition of these celestial bodies are attracted attention of scientists, in particular, on the question of the origin of life on Earth. According to one theory, substances necessary for the emergence of organic life on our planet may have been carried by comets "- writes news. Also, the study of the structure of comets allows you to expand understanding of the origins and evolution of the universe. It is believed that comets are remnants of "building blocks", of which 4.6 billion years ago formed the solar system.










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The HIV epidemic in Russia out of control in 2020 - Health Ministry

The threat of the HIV epidemic in Russia say the first year. About new fears at a meeting of the government commission on the protection of the health of citizens said Health Minister Veronika Skvortsova Russia.

Already in 2020, according to experts, the number of people living with HIV could increase by 250%. Thus, the epidemic will become an even greater disaster for Russia. One of the reasons for the dismal performance - low level of funding. For example, as of 2015 only 200 thousand. HIV infection can expect to antiretroviral therapy. This is only 23% of those who need it. Thus even further reduction in the price of drugs would cover only 30% of HIV-infected people do not have a major impact on the situation.

Veronika Skvortsova said that maintaining the current dynamics will exit the HIV epidemic out of control. This means that the risk of infection for the common man to increase significantly. It is mainly about sexual transmission. You can stop the epidemic, however, according to experts of the World Health Organization for the treatment of infected this coverage should be 60-80%. With coverage of 60% will be possible to achieve regression of the epidemic in Russia by 2023, and at 80% positive dynamics manage to get in a few years.

Today, too, there are some positive changes. Thus, according to Skvortsova, in 2016 to combat HIV program will receive an additional 20 billion rubles. This amount is called the official in a "very large."

On the problem of HIV / AIDS in Russia say quite often. Dmitry Medvedev has recently stated that the number of Russians infected with AIDS each year increased by 10%. However, some officials suggest "not to raise the subject," "not to play into the hands of the West."

At a meeting of the government commission, and was made Bishop Panteleimon of Orekhovo-Zuyevo. According to him, will help to confront the epidemic "chastity, patriotism and faith." "Human life should not be limited to the body and its animal needs" - said the priest.

The majority of HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation is included in the age group from 25 to 44 years. The epidemic spread to the marginalized populations in the normal population. Another trend - the increase in the proportion of women infected with the Russians. While maintaining the current dynamics of the number of people infected by the end of the year to reach 1 million people (and this is only the official statistics).

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The origin of the Milky Way

It was long thought that the Milky Way was formed gradually. In 1962, Olin Eggen, Donald Lynden-Bell and Allan Sendedzh offered a hypothesis that has become known as a model of ELS (it was called by the initial letters of their names). According to her, on the site of the Milky Way once slowly rotated homogeneous cloud of gas. It looked like a ball and reached across about 300 thousand light years, and consisted mainly of hydrogen and helium. Under the influence of gravity protogalaxy shrank and became flat; while its rotation is considerably accelerated.

For almost two decades, this model is suited scientists. However, new observations showed that the Milky Way could be as he ordered theorists.

According to this model, the halo formed first, and then - the galactic disk. However, the disc is also found very old stars, for example, a red giant Arcturus, whose age is more than ten billion years old, or multiple white dwarfs of the same age.

And in the galactic disk and the halo globular clusters are found who are younger than the model allows ELS. Obviously, they are absorbed within our Galaxy.

Many stars in the halo spin in a different direction than the Milky Way. Perhaps they, too, were once outside the Galaxy, but then were drawn into this "star vortex" - like the occasional swimmer in the whirlpool.

In 1978, Leonard Searle and Robert Zinn proposed their model of formation of the Milky Way. It was designated as a "model SZ». Now the story of the Galaxy considerably complicated. More recently, its youth, in the view of astronomers, described as simple, as in the opinion of physicists - straight forward movement. The mechanics of what is happening is clearly visible: there was a uniform cloud; it consisted of only evenly spilled gas. Nothing his presence does not complicate the calculations of the theoreticians.

Now, instead of one huge cloud in the visions of scientists arose several small, oddly scattered clouds. Among them could be seen and the stars; however, they are located only in the halo. Inside, all seething Halo: clouds encountered; gas mixture is stirred and compacted. Over time, the mixture was formed galactic disk. It began to appear new stars. However, this model was criticized afterwards.

It was impossible to understand what tied the halo and the galactic disk. This thickens the drive and a sparse stellar shell around it had little in common. Even after Searle and Zinn made his model, it was found that the halo is rotating too slowly to from it formed the galactic disk. Judging by the distribution of chemical elements, the latter originated from protogalactic gas. Finally, the angular momentum of the disc turned ten times higher than halo.

The whole secret is that both models contain a grain of truth. The trouble is that they are too simple and one-sided. Both of them seem to be now the fragments of the same recipe, which was created by the Milky Way. Eggen and his colleagues read a few lines from one of this recipe, Searle and Zinn - a few others. Therefore, trying to re-present the history of our galaxy, and then we notice familiar already read one line.

So, it all started shortly after the Big Bang. "Today made to believe that the dark matter density fluctuations gave rise to the first structure - the so-called dark halo. Due to the force of gravity, these structures do not disintegrate, "- said the German astronomer Andreas Burkert, the author of the birth of a new model of the Galaxy.

The dark halo nuclei steel - nuclei - the future galaxies. Around them flocked by gravity gas. To uniformly collapse, he describes him as a model of ELS. Already 500-1000 million years after the Big Bang gas accumulation surrounding dark halo, they have become "incubators" of stars. There appeared little protogalaxy, in dense clouds of gas were first globular clusters, because the stars are born here a hundred times more often than anywhere else proto- galaxies collide and merge with each other - so formed large galaxies, including our own Milky Way. Today it is surrounded by a halo of dark matter and consisting of single stars and globular clusters, these ruins of the Universe, whose age is more than 12 billion years.

In protogalaxies it had a lot of very massive stars. In a few tens of millions of years, the majority of them exploded. These explosions have enriched gas clouds of heavy chemical elements. Therefore, in the galactic disk is not born stars such as the halo - they contained hundreds of times more metal. In addition, these explosions have created a powerful galactic vortex that warmed up gas and swept it off the protogalaxies. There has been a division of the gas mass and dark matter. It was an important stage in the formation of galaxies, not considered before in any model.

Meanwhile, the dark halos are increasingly faced with each other. This protogalaxy stretched or broken up. About these catastrophes resemble chains of stars, preserved in the halo of the Milky Way since the "youth". Studying their location, can be assessed events in that era. Gradually these stars formed an extensive sphere - seen by us halo. As the cooling gas inside it penetrated the clouds. Their angular momentum is conserved, so they are not compressed into one single point, and formed a spinning disk. All this took place more than 12 billion years ago. Now the gas is compressed as described in the model ELS.

At this time, image and "bulge" of the Milky Way - its middle part, which resembles an ellipsoid. Bulge consists of very old stars. Obviously, it emerged at the confluence of the largest protogalaxies, the longest hold gas clouds. In the middle of it turned out to be a tiny neutron stars and black holes - relics of exploding supernovae. They merge with each other, simultaneously absorbing gas flows. Perhaps it was born a huge black hole, now residing at the center of our galaxy.

The history of the Milky Way is much more chaotic than previously thought. Our home galaxy, impressive even by the standards of space, was formed after a series of strokes and mergers - after a series of cosmic catastrophes. Traces of those ancient events can be found today.

For example, not all the stars of the Milky Way orbit the galactic center. Obviously, over billions of years of its existence, our galaxy "swallowed up" a lot of travel. Age every ten stars in the galactic halo - less than 10 billion years. By the time the Milky Way has been formed. Perhaps this - the remnants of once captured dwarf galaxies. The group of British scientists from the Institute of Astronomy (Cambridge), headed by Gerard Gilmore estimated that the Milky Way apparently has absorbed between 40 and 60 dwarf galaxies such as Karina.

In addition, the Milky Way attracts huge masses of gas. So, in 1958 Dutch astronomers noticed the halo of many small spots. In actual fact they were gas clouds, which consisted mainly of hydrogen atoms and raced towards the galactic disk.

Our galaxy it curbs your appetite to continue. Obviously, it will swallow the nearest dwarf galaxies to us - Fornax, Karina and maybe, sextant, and then merge with the Andromeda nebula. Around the Milky Way - this insatiable "star cannibal" - will become a desert.