The cells were found predictive cancer "death watch"
The likelihood of developing cancer in humans can be predetermined by the two "clocks" DNA mutations detected in virtually all human cells. On the discovery reported in the journal Nature Genetics, and the short of it he told New Scientist.
We are talking about a mutation in the DNA (changes in individual genes) that occur at different rates. In the case of accumulation of several mutations is constant, which leads to DNA damage and ultimately - cancer.
Michael Stratton (Michael Stratton) from the Sanger Institute (Cambridge) found two types of "hours," says the pace of mutations in almost all cells of the human body. The scientists also determined the rate of "progress" in various tissues.
First, researchers have studied the DNA sequence of tumors in 10 000 patients with cancer (36 types of diseases). A special algorithm is revealed in the "cancer" structure of the genomes of certain mutations, the so-called signatures. Then, among these signatures are found that different mutations regular character, the slew rate of which is related to the person's age. Those found two, and both the "clock" begin to "tick" even in healthy tissue, scientists stress.
The first "clock" Stratton called the mitotic - they point mutations arising due to cell division. "Speed mutations correlated with the rate of turnover of cells in tissues. In the future we can use this number to find out how many times a cell divided, "- said the scientist. On the second "hours" science almost nothing is known. They probably had something to do with repairing DNA, more precisely, with errors in the repair mechanisms.
Knowing the age of the patient, the researchers were also able to determine the speed of the "clock" in various tissues. Thus, all mutations will accumulate in the cells of the stomach and intestine (about 23 mutations per cell year) and the slowest - in cells of breast and ovarian cancer (3-4 mutations per year).
Since the stroke of the clock does not stop in the transformation of a healthy cell into a cancer, it can be a valuable indicator of the rate of growth or metastasis of cancer cells resistant to drugs. Scientists even hope to predict at the beginning of the clock cells in the malignant transformation.
"All my life we accumulate mutations, and some people have a certain combination of the latter leads to cancer. It remains to determine whether the rate of mutation varies among individuals, if so, for her performance we will be able to predict how much time remains before the cancer, "- said Stratton.
Moreover, according to the scientist, the rate of change of these mutations can slow the occurrence of cancer. "I'm not saying that it will definitely be possible - DNA mutations are fundamental to our biological unit process, but our discovery leads one to think in this direction. As soon as we find new phenomenon that causes cancer, we think about how to remove it "- sums up the scientist.
The likelihood of developing cancer in humans can be predetermined by the two "clocks" DNA mutations detected in virtually all human cells. On the discovery reported in the journal Nature Genetics, and the short of it he told New Scientist.
We are talking about a mutation in the DNA (changes in individual genes) that occur at different rates. In the case of accumulation of several mutations is constant, which leads to DNA damage and ultimately - cancer.
Michael Stratton (Michael Stratton) from the Sanger Institute (Cambridge) found two types of "hours," says the pace of mutations in almost all cells of the human body. The scientists also determined the rate of "progress" in various tissues.
First, researchers have studied the DNA sequence of tumors in 10 000 patients with cancer (36 types of diseases). A special algorithm is revealed in the "cancer" structure of the genomes of certain mutations, the so-called signatures. Then, among these signatures are found that different mutations regular character, the slew rate of which is related to the person's age. Those found two, and both the "clock" begin to "tick" even in healthy tissue, scientists stress.
The first "clock" Stratton called the mitotic - they point mutations arising due to cell division. "Speed mutations correlated with the rate of turnover of cells in tissues. In the future we can use this number to find out how many times a cell divided, "- said the scientist. On the second "hours" science almost nothing is known. They probably had something to do with repairing DNA, more precisely, with errors in the repair mechanisms.
Knowing the age of the patient, the researchers were also able to determine the speed of the "clock" in various tissues. Thus, all mutations will accumulate in the cells of the stomach and intestine (about 23 mutations per cell year) and the slowest - in cells of breast and ovarian cancer (3-4 mutations per year).
Since the stroke of the clock does not stop in the transformation of a healthy cell into a cancer, it can be a valuable indicator of the rate of growth or metastasis of cancer cells resistant to drugs. Scientists even hope to predict at the beginning of the clock cells in the malignant transformation.
"All my life we accumulate mutations, and some people have a certain combination of the latter leads to cancer. It remains to determine whether the rate of mutation varies among individuals, if so, for her performance we will be able to predict how much time remains before the cancer, "- said Stratton.
Moreover, according to the scientist, the rate of change of these mutations can slow the occurrence of cancer. "I'm not saying that it will definitely be possible - DNA mutations are fundamental to our biological unit process, but our discovery leads one to think in this direction. As soon as we find new phenomenon that causes cancer, we think about how to remove it "- sums up the scientist.
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